Judge Lynch's Court
Statistical Tables
The Maryland State Archives offers this historical look at the lynching phenomena as it occurred in the state during the late nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It is not the purpose of this site to interpret these acts, but only to provide information, data, and context for lay readers and researchers who may themselves affix interpretation.
For each lynching under the consideration of this study, a profile questionnaire was completed. The goal of this questionnaire was to apply categorization to the various elements of each episode -- from the trigger crime through the post-lynching climate -- so that generalizations may be drawn from the incidents collectively. The results of the categorization are submitted in tables below. The individual profile questionnaire for each lynching victim is linked directly to the respective biographical profile.
Maryland Lynchings, 1854 - 1933
Download as CSV| Name of Person Lynched | Date of Lynching | Color of Person Lynched | Color of Trigger Crime Victim | Gender of Trigger Crime Victim | Color of Lynch Mob | Crime for which Lynching Executed | County in Which Lynching Occurred |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| William "Cuba" Andrews | 6/9/1895 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Somerset |
| George Armwood | black | white | |||||
| James Bowens | 11/16/1895 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Frederick |
| George Briscoe | 11/26/1884 | black | white | female | white | Robbery | Anne Arundel |
| William Burns | 10/6/1907 | black | white | male | white | Unsolicited Fatal Violence | Allegany |
| Townshend Cook | 6/2/1885 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Carroll |
| Howard Cooper | 7/13/1885 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Baltimore |
| Henry Davis | black | white | |||||
| Asbury Green | 5/13/1891 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Queen Anne's |
| Michael Green | black | white | |||||
| Benjamin Hance | 6/17/1887 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | St. Mary's |
| Jacob Henson Jr. | 5/28/1895 | black | white | male | white | Unsolicited Fatal Violence | Howard |
| King Johnson | 12/25/1911 | black | white | male | white | Fatal Violence in Self-Defense | Anne Arundel |
| Isaac Kemp | 6/8/1894 | black | white | male | white | Violent Altercation Resulting in Fatality | Princess Anne |
| Garfield King | 5/25/1898 | black | white | male | white | Unsolicited Fatal Violence | Wicomico |
| Marshall E. Price | 6/28/1895 | white | white | female | white | Unsolicited Fatal Violence | Caroline |
| James Reed | 7/28/1907 | black | white | male | white | Unsolicited Fatal Violence | Somerset |
| Wright Smith | 10/5/1898 | black | white | female | white | Unsolicited Non-fatal Violence | Anne Arundel |
| John Scott | 3/23/1875 | black | white | female | interracial | Sexual Violence | Prince George's |
| Nicholas Snowden | 9/18/1885 | black | black | female | black | Sexual Violence | Howard |
| James Taylor | 5/17/1892 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Kent |
| Joe Vermillion | 12/11/1889 | white | n/a | n/a | white | Arson | Prince George's |
| Charles Whitley | 6/6/1886 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Calvert |
| Matt Williams | 12/4/1931 | black | white | male | white | Unsolicited Fatal Violence | Wicomico |
| Stephen Williams | 10/20/1894 | black | white | female | white | Sexual Violence | Prince George's |
Crimes For Which Person Was Lynched, and Occurrences in Maryland
Download as CSV| Type of Crime | No. of Occurrences Resulting in a Lynch Action |
|---|---|
| Unsolicited fatal violence | 6 |
| Violence in fatal self-defense | 1 |
| Unsolicited non-fatal violence | 1 |
| Violence in non-fatal self-defense | 0 |
| Sexual violence | 11 |
| Robbery | 1 |
| Arson | 1 |
| Participatory insurrection | 0 |
| Guilt-by-association (in the case of insurrection) | 0 |
Lynching Occurrences in Maryland Compared to National Incidences, by Decade
* We do not have data populated, however other sources have compiled data on lynching in America like Monroe & Florence Work Today
| Year Span | Maryland Incidences | National Incidences* |
|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 0 | |
| 1870 | 1 | |
| 1880 | 7 | |
| 1890 | 10 | |
| 1900 | 2 | |
| 1910 | 1 | |
| 1920 | 0 | |
| 1930 | 1 |
Lynching Occurrences in Maryland Counties, 1865 - 1933
Download as CSV| Region: County | 1865 - 1899 | 1900 - 1933 |
|---|---|---|
| Garrett County | 0 | 0 |
| Allegany County | 0 | 1 |
| Washington County | 0 | 0 |
| Frederick County | 1 | 0 |
| Carroll County | 1 | 0 |
| Harford County | 0 | 0 |
| Baltimore County | 1 | 0 |
| Baltimore City | 0 | 0 |
| Howard County | 2 | 0 |
| Montgomery County | 0 | 0 |
| Anne Arundel County | 2 | 1 |
| Prince George’s County | 3 | 0 |
| Calvert County | 1 | 0 |
| Charles County | 0 | 0 |
| St. Mary’s County | 1 | 0 |
| Cecil County | 0 | 0 |
| Kent County | 1 | 0 |
| Queen Anne County | 1 | 0 |
| Talbot County | 0 | 0 |
| Caroline County | 0 | 0 |
| Dorchester County | 0 | 0 |
| Wicomico County | 1 | 1 |
| Somerset County | 2 | 1 |
| Worcester County | 0 | 0 |
Profile of Victims in Lynching Trigger Crimes, 1865 - 1933
* Because multiple characteristics per victim, number of characteristics will exceed number of victims
| Demographics | No. of Occurrences* |
|---|---|
| Local | 19 |
| Outsider | 1 |
| Male | 7 |
| Female | 13 |
| Black | 1 |
| White | 19 |
| Child or teenager | 6 |
| Officer of Law or Gov't | 3 |
Profile of Persons Lynched in Maryland, 1865 - 1933
* Because multiple characteristics per victim, number of characteristics will exceed number of victims
| Demographics | No. of Occurrences* |
|---|---|
| Local | 16 |
| Outsider | 6 |
| Male | 22 |
| Female | 0 |
| Black | 20 |
| White | 2 |
| Child or teenager | 1 |
Profile of Lynching Behavior
| Point at Which Lynching Usurped Due Process of the Law | No. of Lynchings |
|---|---|
| Shortly after the crime, but before any conclusive investigation | 13 |
| While trial was on-going, after the verdict, but before sentencing | 2 |
| Persons Lynched after being sentenced to death by the court | 3 |
| Persons Lynched but not sentenced to death by the court | 3 |